There are three distinct scenarios for the Arduino-implemented charge control algorithm to decide between, and dictate the flow of power from the circuit. The three parameters that determine which scenario is selected are the battery voltage, the DC-DC buck output voltage, and the power output by the solar panel. The lead acid battery’s charge level can be deduced from its voltage, and is only usable between 10-12 volts. When the battery is charged, and the buck output is 13.2 volts, the system will power the load. If the battery is charged but the buck output is less than the desired 13.2 volts, the system will power the load with the battery. If the battery is between 0-10 volts, it is considered depleted and the system will charge the battery only if the buck output voltage is greater than 12 volts.